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2025 Egypt – Day 12 – Abu Simbel

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Abu Simbel Temples – Monuments of Eternal Glory

The Great Temple of Ramesses II – A Monument to Power and Legacy

Deep in southern Egypt, near the shores of Lake Nasser, stand the awe-inspiring Abu Simbel Temples—among the most iconic and visited ancient sites in Egypt. The larger of the two, the Great Temple of Ramesses II, is one of the most striking examples of ancient Egyptian architecture, showcasing both colossal scale and intricate craftsmanship.

History and Significance

Commissioned by Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC (circa 1264 BC) during the 19th Dynasty, the Great Temple was dedicated to:

  • Amun-Ra (king of the gods)
  • Ra-Horakhty (sun god)
  • Ptah (god of creation)
  • Ramesses II himself, worshiped as a living deity

The temple served as both a political statement and a spiritual symbol, asserting Egyptian dominance over Nubia and glorifying Ramesses’ reign.

Architectural Highlights

  • Four Seated Colossi: Towering statues of Ramesses II, each about 20 meters high, guard the entrance. Each statue depicts the pharaoh in different royal regalia.
  • Sanctuary Alignment: Twice a year, on February 22 and October 22, sunlight illuminates the inner sanctuary, lighting the statues of Amun-Ra, Ra-Horakhty, and Ramesses II (while Ptah, associated with the underworld, remains in darkness).
  • Inner Halls: Lavishly decorated with reliefs showing Ramesses’ military victories, including the Battle of Kadesh.

Fun Fact: This remarkable solar phenomenon attracts thousands of visitors during the Sun Festival each year.

The Small Temple of Nefertari – A Tribute to Love and Beauty

Just beside the Great Temple stands the Small Temple of Nefertari, also known as the Temple of Hathor and Nefertari. Built in honor of Queen Nefertari, the beloved wife of Ramesses II, it also venerates Hathor, goddess of love, beauty, and motherhood.

Significance

This temple is one of the few in ancient Egypt dedicated to a queen and is remarkable for placing Queen Nefertari on equal footing with the king.

Architectural Highlights

  • Façade with Colossal Statues: Six 10-meter-tall statues—four of Ramesses II and two of Queen Nefertari—adorn the entrance.
  • Inner Chambers: Decorated with beautiful reliefs depicting the royal couple making offerings to Hathor and other deities.
  • Hathor Columns: Gracefully carved columns with Hathor-headed capitals in the main hall, symbolizing femininity and fertility.

The temple’s intimate atmosphere and exquisite artwork make it a must-see for visitors.

The Rescue of Abu Simbel – A Modern Engineering Marvel

In the 1960s, the temples were under threat due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the rising waters of Lake Nasser. In a historic feat of engineering, UNESCO led an international campaign to save Abu Simbel:

  • The entire site was carefully cut into blocks, moved 65 meters higher, and reassembled.
  • The preservation project lasted from 1964 to 1968 and is often cited as one of the greatest archaeological rescue missions in history.

Tip: Visit the small visitor center near the site to learn about the relocation process through exhibitions and films.

Practical Travel Tips for Visitors

  • Best Time to Visit: October to April (milder temperatures); visit during the Sun Festival for a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
  • Getting There:
    • From Aswan: By plane, bus, private car, or guided tour (approx. 3-4 hours one way).
    • By Lake Nasser cruise: Some cruises include a stop at Abu Simbel.
  • Tickets: One combined entrance ticket covers both temples.
  • Photography: Allowed outside and in most areas inside (without flash).